Helping pets maintain strong and healthy teeth is a year-round responsibility. However, a variety of factors—such as aging, a lapse in dental care routine, infrequent veterinary visits and even injuries—can unexpectedly affect a pet’s dental health. Many dental issues in pets can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. Pet Dental Health Awareness Month is the perfect time to revisit oral health best practices, including how to spot the early signs of dental problems in cats and dogs, treat these conditions and even prevent problems from developing in the first place.
Common dental issues can range from mild to severe, sometimes leading to pain, difficulty eating and even other systemic health problems if left untreated. By understanding these conditions, veterinarians and pet owners can take proactive steps to keep pets healthy and prevent complications down the road.
Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease, occurring when plaque and tartar accumulate on the teeth and irritate the gums. Pets suffering from gingivitis may have swollen, red or bleeding gums. The condition is reversible with proper dental care. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontal disease, which can cause more serious symptoms and complications. Pets with poor oral hygiene are particularly susceptible to gingivitis, underscoring the importance of regular dental maintenance.
Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent dental issues in pets, particularly in older dogs and cats. It begins with plaque and tartar buildup on the teeth, leading to gingivitis and, if left untreated, progresses to periodontal disease. Unlike gingivitis, which is caused by surface-level plaque and tartar, periodontal disease occurs when bacteria penetrate below the pet’s gum line. This causes infections that can sometimes result in tooth loss and damage to the underlying bone structure. This disease is particularly common in small breeds, toy dogs, short-nosed dog breeds, older pets and those who have poor nutrition or inadequate dental hygiene. Some research suggests that in severe cases, the bacteria can enter a pet’s bloodstream, potentially affecting their heart, liver, kidney or other major organs.
Tooth fractures are especially common in dogs that chew on hard objects such as bones, antlers or rocks. A fractured tooth can be extremely painful, particularly if the break exposes the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. When this happens, bacteria can invade the exposed area, leading to infections and abscesses. Dogs with weakened teeth due to prior dental disease are more prone to fractures. To treat a tooth fracture, a veterinarian may recommend root canal therapy, vital pulp therapy, or in severe cases, extractions.
Oral tumors, whether benign or malignant, can affect both dogs and cats. These tumors often develop on the gums, tongue or palate. In some cases, oral tumors may bleed or become infected, leading to further complications. Research suggests that environmental, genetic and hereditary factors play a role in the development of these growths. For cats, cigarette smoke, high levels of canned food and flea collar usage are possible causes. When it comes to dogs, males and certain breeds seem to be more susceptible. Early detection is crucial, as malignant tumors can spread rapidly. Veterinary evaluation and tests, including biopsies and imaging, is necessary to determine the nature of the tumor and the appropriate course of treatment, which may include surgery, radiation or chemotherapy.
Tooth resorption is a painful condition in which the body begins to break down its own teeth. It is more commonly seen in cats than in dogs and is often discovered during routine dental exams. The exact cause of tooth resorption is not fully understood. In cats, several factors may cause predisposition to the condition, including periodontal disease, frequent vomiting and mineral excesses or deficiencies in their water or food. Certain purebred cats and older pets appear to be more susceptible to the condition. Since tooth resorption is progressive, extraction of the affected tooth is often the best treatment option to relieve pain and prevent complications.
Early detection of dental problems is key to effective treatment. While there are some minor differences, the signs of dental problems in cats and dogs are very similar. Watch for the following signs in your pet:
Veterinarians can evaluate potential signs of dental problems in cats and dogs with a thorough evaluation and diagnostic tests. Once a diagnosis is made, veterinarians may prescribe medications to manage the infections, inflammation and pain. As a full-service pet pharmacy, Mixlab offers both branded and generic versions of trusted medications for dental problems, plus compounded options for easier administration.
Clindamycin is an antibiotic that is commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections in pets, including those that affect the mouth and teeth. It is highly effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those commonly associated with periodontal infections and other dental diseases. Available in multiple forms, such as capsules, tablets, oral suspension, otics, transdermal gels and even chew treats, clindamycin from Mixlab offers flexibility in administration for both dogs and cats.
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is used to treat various bacterial infections in pets, including those related to dental problems. It is effective against a wide range of pathogens. This medication is available in capsules, tablets, oral suspension, otics and chew treats from Mixlab. Its versatility makes it a go-to option for veterinarians and pet parents alike.
Metronidazole is another commonly prescribed antibiotic for pets with dental infections, particularly those caused by anaerobic bacteria, which thrive in the oxygen-deprived areas of the mouth. In addition to its antibacterial properties, metronidazole is also effective against certain types of parasites, making it a valuable treatment option for complex dental infections. It is available from Mixlab in capsules, tablets, oral suspension, transdermal gels and chew treats for dogs and cats.
Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can be prescribed to help reduce inflammation caused by dental issues, such as gingivitis or periodontal disease. This medication works by suppressing the immune response and decreasing swelling, which helps alleviate pain and discomfort associated with oral infections. Prednisone is available in a variety of forms from Mixlab, including capsules, tablets, oral liquid, transdermal formulations and chew treats. Prednisone should be used with caution, especially for long-term treatment, due to potential side effects. Prednisolone, the active form of prednisone, is the preferred corticosteroid for cats. While similar to prednisone in its anti-inflammatory effects, prednisolone is better tolerated by felines, making it the go-to option for managing their dental-related discomfort.
Carprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) available from Mixlab that can be prescribed to dogs for pain and inflammation relief for dental problems and other conditions. It works by inhibiting the production of chemicals in the body that cause pain and swelling, helping to provide relief from the discomfort associated with dental infections, fractures or other oral conditions.
Robenacoxib is another NSAID available through Mixlab. Robenacoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which works by reducing the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals responsible for pain and inflammation. This makes it effective for managing pain, including managing postoperative dental pain and alleviating dental infection symptoms, in cats and dogs.
Meloxicam is a versatile NSAID that helps manage pain and reduce inflammation in pets. While most commonly prescribed for osteoarthritis, it can also be recommended for post-dental surgery pain. Meloxicam is available from Mixlab as capsules, tablets, oral liquid and chew treats, making it an easy-to-administer option for dogs and cats.
Prevention is always the best approach when it comes to dental health. Before you even notice the signs of dental problems in dogs or cats, maintain their oral hygiene with these tips:
Once you spot the signs of dental problems in dogs or cats, Mixlab offers fast and effective treatment options for veterinarians and pet parents. We provide a range of medications that can be tailored to a specific pet’s needs, conveniently delivered the very next day. Plus, we have preventative treatments and supplements to support dental hygiene and overall pet health. Easily place an order for your prescriptions online or contact our team for personalized support.